Valvular Heart Disease

Infective endocarditis

Infection of the heart valve requiring immediate antibiotic therapy and surgery if not responding to drug therapy.

Mitral regurgitation

Can be severe in patients underlying mitral valve prolapse thus requiring surgical repair.

Mitral stenosis

Previously due to rheumatic heart disease which has fortunately become rare.

Aortic regurgitation

Severe regurgitation of the aortic valve will eventually need aortic valve replacement.

Aortic stenosis

Narrowing of the aortic valve usually due to ageing and calcification. In severe cases may need TAVR or surgical valve replacement.